Genital Warts

Noticing small growths or changes in the genital area can be worrying, especially when you are unsure what they mean or how serious they might be. Many people hesitate to seek help due to embarrassment or uncertainty, which can delay proper care. Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection in Singapore caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), most often linked to low-risk strains such as types 6 and 11. They are spread through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity, and in many cases, people may not realise they have been exposed until visible symptoms appear.

It is important to understand that although HPV is associated with certain cancers, the types that cause genital warts are considered low-risk and are not linked to cancer development. The condition is manageable, and early treatment can help relieve symptoms, reduce spread and prevent progression.

Genital warts can vary in appearance, which sometimes makes them difficult to recognise in the early stages. They are typically small, flesh-coloured or grey growths that may be flat or slightly raised. Some appear as single lesions, while others cluster together to form a cauliflower-like pattern. In certain cases, they may be so small or subtle that they are not easily visible without close examination.

These warts can develop in different areas depending on exposure. In men, they may appear on the penis or scrotum, including the shaft, head or surrounding skin. In women, they can occur on the vulva, within the vagina or on the cervix, where they may go unnoticed. They may also develop around the anus, particularly following anal contact or in the mouth and throat after oral exposure to the Human Papillomavirus.

Genital warts do not always cause obvious symptoms, which is why some individuals may not realise they are affected. When symptoms are present, they are usually related to visible skin changes or mild local discomfort rather than severe pain.

• Painless lumps or bumps — small growths in the genital or anal area are often the first noticeable sign.
• Itching or irritation — the affected area may feel uncomfortable or sensitive
• Burning sensation — some individuals report mild burning, particularly if the skin is irritated.
• Bleeding during intercourse — warts may bleed if they are rubbed or traumatised.

Any new or unusual changes in the genital area should be assessed by a doctor, particularly when the cause is unclear. The appearance of new growths, persistent itching, unexplained bleeding or discomfort should not be ignored, as these may indicate conditions such as genital warts or other infections. If a sexual partner has been diagnosed with Human Papillomavirus or genital warts, it is also important to seek evaluation, even if no symptoms are present. 

In many cases, it can be difficult to distinguish between genital warts, herpes or other skin conditions based on appearance alone, which makes it even more crucial to undergo professional assessment.

Genital warts are generally not dangerous and are caused by low-risk types of the Human Papillomavirus, most commonly types 6 and 11, which are not associated with cancer. However, they can still cause physical discomfort, emotional stress and concerns about transmission to partners. 

While the warts themselves are benign, their presence indicates an active HPV infection, which is why proper evaluation and management are important. Seeking medical advice can help address symptoms, reduce spread and provide reassurance.

Preventing genital warts involves reducing exposure to HPV and taking steps to protect sexual health. Vaccination against HPV offers protection against the most common strains that cause genital warts, and is recommended for both men and women. 

Using condoms can lower the risk of transmission, although they do not provide complete protection as HPV spreads through skin-to-skin contact. Limiting the number of sexual partners and maintaining open communication about sexual health can also reduce risk. Regular medical check-ups and early evaluation of any symptoms further support prevention and timely care.

It is possible to have sex if you have genital warts, but there is a risk of passing the infection to your partner. The risk is higher when warts are present and visible, as the virus is more easily transmitted through direct contact. 

Avoiding sexual activity during active outbreaks and using protection can help reduce, but not eliminate, the risk of transmission. Open communication with your partner and seeking medical advice can help guide safe and responsible decisions regarding sexual activity.

Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted condition caused by low-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus, most often types 6 and 11. They appear as small growths in the genital or anal area and can vary in size, number and visibility. Although they are not linked to cancer, they can cause discomfort and are easily spread through skin-to-skin sexual contact, with some individuals remaining unaware due to mild or absent symptoms.

Diagnosis is usually made through a clinical examination, and treatment focuses on removing visible warts using topical or in-clinic methods. While treatment removes the visible warts, the virus can remain in the body, which means the condition may return over time. If you notice any unusual growths or symptoms, or have concerns about possible HPV infection, schedule a consultation with The Health Advisory Clinic for a proper assessment and personalised treatment plan.

Are you experiencing fleshy growths on the genital and anal area?